Describe the surface properties of minerals and their economic application in ore dressing. Bateman, economic mineral deposits below is the list of background readings for the lecture on economic ore petrology. This is done for a number of reasons, specifically, to enable ore handling and concentrates to be transported easily, allow further processing to occur and to dispose of the gangue. This is an important aspect in geoexploration and industrial economic geology. Mineral economics for geologists oneday course december 3rd 20 are you a geoscientist in the mining sector. It is a process of ore preparation, milling, and ore dressing. In all cases they were many times our modem milling costs. Ore dressing definition of ore dressing by the free. Oredressing methods fall naturally into two general subdivisions 1 concentration methods and 2 directrecovery methods amalgamation and leaching or wet methods. Mineral economics for geologists cet short course 2 december 2015. This site is like a library, use search box in the widget to get ebook that you want.
Crushing, a form of comminution, one of the unit operations of mineral processing. The mineral statistics is collected in terms of section 28 of the minerals and petroleum resources development act of 2002, which stipulates that mining right or mining permit holders are. Construction, machinery and transportation end uses account for most u. This pdf is a selection from an outofprint volume from the national bureau of economic research. Ore dressing is a process of mechanically separating the grains of ore minerals from the gangue minerals. In this changed world the winners will be the ones who understand the economics of their mine and can adapt and change to maintain and improve these economics. Gy 111 lecture note series economic geology lecture goals. Principles of a resourcereserve classification for minerals. As a result of general economic growth and increased producti vity worldwide, highgrade ore deposits high concentrati on, low dissemination can no longer. Mineralogy applied to ore dressing is a reliable guide for designing and operating an efficient concentrator.
Optical properties and processingrelated characteristics of the main ore mineral types. Resource economics and sciences australian mineral. This includes various stages of ore dressing, processing and elementary smelting where these are carried out in an associated plant at, or near, the mine. In 1973,the organization of petroleum exporting countries opec attempted to control. Quantities of minerals produced are reported in terms of the product in which they leave each mine site. Pdf minerals recovery from the earths crust and the subsequent processing of economic mineral deposits, ie, ores, constitutes a wide variety.
Ore geology, economic minerals and mineral economics, vol. The procedure includes characterizing the ore and analysing the mill products. The qualities of beauty attributed to several gemstones include luster as. Their unique properties contribute to provision of food, shelter, infrastructure, transportation, communications, health care, and defense. Introduction to ore mineralogy an ore is a naturally occurring rock or material composed of a mineral or minerals of economic value that can be extracted at a reasonable profit. These charges varied with the type of ore and the distance from the smelter. Such techniques are now classified as mechanical processing in contrast to metallurgical techniques where the value minerals are chemically altered, such as in the reduction of iron ore iron oxide to extract metallic iron, and also in contrast to conventional chemi.
Dewatering is an important process in mineral processing. Treatments of ores to concentrate their valuable constituents minerals into products concentrate of smaller bulk, and simultaneously to collect the worthless material gangue into discardable waste tailing, are called as ore dressing mineral processing methods. Mineral processing, art of treating crude ores and mineral products in order to separate the valuable minerals from the waste rock, or gangue. Pdf overview of mineral processing methods researchgate. Economic geology is concerned with earth materials that can be used for economic andor industrial purposes. In the field of extractive metallurgy, mineral processing, also known as ore dressing, is the process of separating commercially valuable minerals from their ores. Topics range from mineral reserves and exploration to the economics of mineral projects, taxation issues, and marketing and finance. Minerals used in common applications include iron to produce steel, copper used. Mineral economics for geologists short course centre for exploration targeting 2 dec 2014 brochure 1. International mineral economics provides an integrated overview of the concepts important for mineral exploration, mine valuation, mineral market analysis, and international mineral policies. The treatment is interdisciplinary, drawing on the fields of economics, geology, business, and mining engineering. Mineral resources and economic development gavin wright and jesse czelusta stanford university october 2003 prepared for the conference on sector reform in latin america stanford center for international development november 15, 2003 abstract recent studies assert that natural resource abundance particularly minerals has adverse. The mining industry is currently facing an economic and social crises that can impact strongly the mineral production and productivity.
Drilling on systematic pattern upto 60 to 120m depth and at 100m strike interval for gold, 200m for basemetals and 400m 500m for limestone. Pdf ore geology and industrial minerals an introduction. Major producers are south africa, australia, china, gabon and brazil. My objective with this presentation is to map out the economics of mining and the implications of this change.
The lusters of minerals have an economic aspect, as is evidenced by the use of minerals as gemstones. Concentrates and tailings produced by the methods outlined above must be dewatered in order to convert the pulps to a transportable state. A economic minerals resources versus reserves b mineral formation c mineral extraction a economic minerals by now, you have been introduced to the minerals that you are going to be responsible for in the lab component of gy 111l. Pdf the first process that most of the ores or minerals undergo after they leave any mine, is mineral processing or mineral ore dressing. Your use of this ontario geological survey document the. Readings are listed as specific page numbers from the above textbook, which is on reserve in the geology library.
Click download or read online button to get ore mineral atlas book now. In the field of extractive metallurgy, mineral processing, also known as ore dressing, is the. Different economic assessments show that the value added by. The process of separating the components is done using gravity as the major criteria. An ore deposit is a welldefined mineral deposit that has been tested and found to be of sufficient size, grade, and accessibility to be extracted i.
Sensorbased ore sorting is the only mechanized mineral processing where the. Pitting, trenching and bed rock sampling on all out crop sections. A procedure for conducting mineralogical studies in conjunction with ore dressing was, therefore, developed. The importance of microscopic studies in mineral dressing is emphasised with illustrations based mostly on the studies conducted by the authors on indian samples the information obtainable includes i identity of minerals, ii grain size, nature and degree of intergrowth of minerals, iii quantitative data. Ore dressing is a process of mechanically separating the grains of ore minerals from the gangue minerals, to produce a concentrate. This section focuses particularly on the types of ore minerals and the microscopic investigation of metalliferous materials. Importance of microscopic studies in mineral dressing. It is the first process that most ores undergo after mining in order to provide a more concentrated material for the procedures of extractive metallurgy. This pdf is a selection from an outofprint volume from. Ore mineral atlas download ebook pdf, epub, tuebl, mobi. Mineral exploration is an opportunitybased investment venture with high degree of risk associated at each stage of activity. Economic geology the layout, the clear presentation of the topic, the choice of sample deposits, the glossary of. Thus, the size and grade of an ore deposit changes as the economic conditions change.
Some were produced for presentations at annual general meetings of the canadian institute of mining and metallurgy as parts of the cims mineral economics program. Economic geology is a subdiscipline of the geosciences. Selected readings in mineral economics sciencedirect. Mineral resources, economics and the environment written for students and professionals, this revised textbook surveys the mineral industry from a geological, environmental, and economic perspective.
Thoroughly updated, the text equips readers with the skills they. Resource economics and sciences australian government. These materials include precious and base metals, nonmetallic minerals, constructiongrade stone, petroleum, natural gas, coal, and water. The end product of mechanical mineral processing is an ore concentrate which is then put through a metallurgical process. Do you know how mineral economics drives decision making and success in your industry. Before the event of ore dressing, crude ores were shipped directly to the smelters, or the refineries, with the shipper paying the freight and treatment charges. The statistics unit that collects, classifies, collates and analyses mining and mineral related data resides within the mineral economics directorate. Continued drilling and pilot processing, test mining, engineering tests and economic evaluation. Ore geology and industrial minerals an introduction. Ore mining and dressing preliminary study report 2011. So mineral dressing or ore dressing is commonly regarded as processing of raw ores to yield marketable products by such physical means those do not destroy the physical and chemical identity of the ore.
Metallurgical contentmilling history amalgamationconcentration of mineralsbulk flotationselective flotationflotation of nonmetallic mineralsorder of mineral floatabilityleaching by cyanidation before the event of ore dressing, crude ores were shipped directly to the smelters, or the refineries, with the shipper paying the freight and treatment charges. Mineral economics for geologists short course centre for. So nearly all rocks on the planet have some metal or mineral content. Ore refers to industrial minerals as well as metals. Mineral exploration an overview sciencedirect topics. Mining, dressing beneficiation, and mineral processing ore mining consists of three major types of operations. Economy m inerals are part of virtually every product we use. Gravity separation is an industrial method of separating two components, either in suspension, or in dry condition, from a granular mixture different specific weights. Mineral economics theory 26 november 20slide mineral economics for geologists. Mineral dressing orebeneficiation the first process most ores undergo after they leave the mine is mineral dressing processing, also called ore preparation, milling, and ore dressing or ore beneficiation. In addition, the water can be recycled into the existing water circuits of the processing plant, greatly reducing the demand for expensive fresh water. However, the concentration of this metal is too less for it to be valuable. The risks are governed by geological uncertainties, technical competency, commercial necessity, economic viability, and.
The book will be dominantly read by students and teachers, but could also be useful for professional geologists wanting a modern overview of a wide range of ore deposits and ore forming processes. Zn pbcuag ores has shown that the minerals of economic value are sphalerite. Ore dressing is a process of mechanically separating the grains of ore minerals from the gangue minerals, to produce a concentrate enriched. Ores usually have a very high content of the desired mineral, but it still must be separated from other mixed impurities, this method is known as the concentration of ores. The first process that most of the ores or minerals undergo after they leave any mine, is mineral processing or mineral ore dressing. The purpose of dewatering is to remove water absorbed by the particles which increases the pulp density. Concentration methods are employed to remove worthless gangue material and concentrate the valuable minerals of the crude ore in a smaller bulk. Geology and economics of strategic and critical minerals.
17 1004 1295 602 619 1309 1080 557 36 1014 93 473 1448 1481 1498 1470 583 1162 469 902 622 891 278 936 1405 1438 18 1448 1334 869 1465 336